Electrical measuring a n-d controlling apparatus



BEST AVAILABLE COF" W. SIEMENS.. lLBC'JRIGAL MEASURING AND CONTROLLING"'A}BPZLRATUS.v

(No Model.) v 4 Sheets-Sheet 190,999,299. Patented 1999191989.

BEST AVAlLABLE COF" 4 sheetsesheet 2 lW. SIEMENS. v ELEGTRIGALMEASURING AND GONTROLLING APPARA-TUS N0'3'99,292. A Patented Man-'12, 1889;g

llllllllllllll////A y' 1 BEST AVAXLABLE COF" A W. SIEMENS. l- ELEGTMGAL MBASURING AND GONTROLLING APPARATUS. 1519.399292.' 1 lpnenteamar.- 12, 1889;

BEST AVAILABLE COF g W. SIEMENS. ELECTRICAL MEASURING AND GUNTROLLING APPARATUS.

No. 399,292. 7 Patented.Ma,r.12,18 89`.

-(No'Mode1.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

-Io Vembcri, 1886,)

5o to a magnet, E, and from the said -magnetll leads thc-conductorfmitonite'.resista-Hees' 013A BEST AVAILABLE COP w1 ign-r; tu sininfxs, or ucm-,iig Gianni .or sans PATE-nr @ferien l xx Y, Assiexon ELECTRICAL :v :Ensems@4 AND .ooNTRoLLiNG APPARATUS.

- SPECIFICATION fOr-ming part of Letters Patent'No. 399,292,1daten March 1 2, 1889.

Application tiledfDcecmber 2, 1387. Serial No. 256,806. tNo

To a-ZZ whom tjiwy concern.-

Be it known that. l, WILHELM Sini/nass, a subject of the King ot' Prussia, German Eniperor, residing in thc cit-5 of Berlin, in the 5 AGerman Empire, have invented certain new and' useful improvements in Electrical Measuring and Controlling \pparz'itus, (for Iwhich I' have obtained Letters Patentin vthe German Empire, No. 40,2915 bearing date Noot' which the following is a specilicat-ion. f

My invention relates to apparatus made use 'of for the observation and mea-surement of physical magnitudes of every description- 15.2 tor instance, the measurement of the potential difference between any two points of afnelectrical-circuit, the height of4 watcr-leveh sai-and the object .tli'ercofis to render such measurement easy andv reliable without re- -zo usoit-ing to the use of sensitive measuring-in-` strnmentsgyhich might require skilled attendants and tregnent zuljustnients. "lhis object. is atta-ined in case of the measurement of length by the conversion ofthat .measure-` mentinto one of 'the' potential diilercnccof two pointsin an electricai circuit; and my in vention relates to apparatus used for such conversion and for the measurement of :the potential diftercnce which may be ca'used thereby.` '4

Referring to the'` accompanying drawings,

in which corresponding parts are designated by similar letters, Figure 1 isa diagram rcpresentingr the arrangement-'ol theapparatus used to eliectj the measurement of the potential dillerence. Fig. 2 a side Viewl of the magnet E. Fig. 3 is a. top View thereof. Fig.

L is a fro'nt View of a mechanismA which may be substituted forthe said magnet E. Fig. 4o 5 is aside View thereof. Figs. 6 and 1' are details ot the motor. Fig. '8 is a section of the .motor on line y 1 2/ of Fig. 7, showing it attached to the resistance@-a nd dial. Fig. 9 is- Va detail of the dial and resista-noos, showing' the fm--mcr'l:artiiillyv bi ol{c11a\'\'ay.. Fig l0 is; a diagra'mof my invention as applied 'to the measurementof--wa-ter-lcxfel. 1 f- From the wire A of al1-'electrical circulis branched an electrical. conductor-,411?, leaning moflehl Patented .in Germany November 2, 1886: Noi 40,299.

which are arranged in the are of n .circle and are traversed by a contact-lever, C, connected by means ot--the conductor L2 with the wire A2 ofthe main circuit. 5

'lhe magnet E, .which is inclined, is provided with an iron core-having upon itsl ends Adiagonally-oppo site eccentric heads E3 provided wit-h curved faces. An iron ring, B, is mounted upon an axis of rotation around the 6o said magnet' E in anoblique or inclined' position corresponding therewith, and is pro? vided witlLf-a 'u-'eight, e', traveling upon a screw, e2, projecting from the said ring, or

or bot-h may be employed, as shown in Fig. 3,

'to alter the .force necessary to keep the ring B from assuming a horizontal position.r The eccentric heads E* E-otA the core are so arranged in relation 'to the ring B as to tend to 7o draw it back into'a vertical position when exy cited by a current- Missing through the said.

magnet E.. -A j A double 1ever, b, ot' insulating material, is

attached to the axis of rotation of the said 75 -a'ing and movestherewith, it bein so arranged in Q rtation-theretothat when the ring is 'in its-normal position the conductiye stirrnps G G2 upon thecnds ,of .the said flever are .out of conta-ct'with thenps n A11.3413 n4, filied- .with 8o mercur i and placed below the legs thereof;

but that, if the position of the ring'is changed by avariation in thestrength of c11rie11t-pass= in g through the magnet E, either the cups at?. ln4 are connected in case of an increasccf c urf85 rent or the cups n and `n.2 are connected inv case of a decrease of current, for it is evident that the position'of the ring depends uponv 'the strength of. the current passing through the magnet 11],{01 as that current'increases 9o the magnetism of the core of the magnet E increases, and the ring is caused to assume a niore upright position by the attraction of the eccentric heads E3 E". vThe amount-ot' current necessary to cause the ring B to assume 95 its n'ormalposition may be accurately regu- .lated by means of the, ,s ai d sprin gs or weight. he conductors' lyl'niL?, vresista-nces c c, in'agset E, and contact-lever C, constitute a circuit, which ivill cali, as a means of idenroo .du ctmg, nf-gisbmneheitott from the conductor) instead of weight springs e e may be used, 65v

l L other leg' ot the said stirrup is fa cup, '11",1'also .30' filled with mercury and connect-ed to the con- V with thewhcel 1),- uponA the shaft (1/3 ofwhich 45 cuit., which I term, for the sake of. ident-iiil said electricity proportienal lo the potential 2 @9,292 BES-TAVAll-ABLE coP A ol' the main circuitl andierlninatcs in a I brush, l, bearing upon the commutators'of anl .fuina'ture, fm, while a brush, Z', bearsupon the opposite efn1un11tators, the said eonunutators 5 being; attached tothe coilsl of the armature in au 'suitahie manner known and employed 111 electric motors. The brush l is att-ached lo,

- oneend oi' a conductor, lithe other end thereot' beingI connected to one end of the conduct-or 1o p4, and one end of the eoilSg, which surrounds one legl ol' the nnignetxS, between 'the poles of which the. armature 111, revolies, while around l the other lcgoi' the magnet isa coiLS, wound 111 a. direeliou opposite to the coil '5`-, so that I5 111 case an elect-ric current .passes through both-the eoils at the same time they..\`\'ill neutralize eachother. 'lhe other end olf the coil Si is connected to the conductor A? of'the main circuit through the c'oil S and conductor@ zo L". 'lhe other'end of the onductol'p'" coni--i -nnuliieates with the cup u", placed beneath one i loc oi' the stirrup G2 and' iilled with mercury. Under the other legof the same stirrup is another cup, 1,of mercury,connected by means 2 of a conductor, '113, with the abuttingends otl the coils S and S2, while these ends are also connected to cup, 112, of mercury situated below'one leg of the stirrup G.' Under' the d net or l'lthroug'h the cond uctorpf.' The shaft y of the armature m has a worm'- `rearing thereon, the said worm registering with a gearwheel, 1/2,'provided with a pinion, if, gearing fare mounted the co11tact-le\e1 (l, hereinbeforc inentioned'as traversing' the'l resistances-c c, and a pointer, Z, traveling" upon 'a scale or dial, T. By this mechanism the contact-lever 4o t) and point-er Zareeaused to revolve-atthe same Atime withfjhc armature 7n. The con- 'doctors-.111', P, and L', brushes Z and'l, arma- -ture m, and coils S and S2, or conductors 214 p p2 p', and stirrups (l2 and G', form a eir-4 cat'ion, the 1neasuring-circuit.

v 'lhe operation of this apparatus is as follows: Let it be supposed that no electricity is, liassing over the main circuit, and that no 5o d'iiierence of potential exists betweenthe terminals of the regulz'ttingl-eireuit. It this be so, the ring-1li is atits greatest possible i11- clination, the stii'rup G connecting the cups n '112, thep'ointer- Z is on the .diaLmark 0, 55 `and the contact-lever C is not including any ofthe resista-pces in the Said circuit. It', 110W, a current be made to pass over the main circuit a potential ditlfereuce will be caused -be-- tween the points at .which the regulating-.cin 6o cuit leaves and unites therewith,.tl1 e amount of suehditerence 'being determined by the resistance encountered by the electricity' in passing over that part'of the main-circuit-lyingbe'twee'n Athese two points. A part of' the difference will pass over the conductor Am2 tol the magnet E, excitingr the iron core thereof? and causing Ait to 4attract the rin g' B and connect the cups haud n* by means of the' stirrup GL. After 'passing' through the magnet the contact-leverC, to the conductor L2, and ihus hack to the main circuit. Another porg :ion ot' the said electricity passes over the 1-o1ulu ctor` l111 to the 'brush I, through vthe armature-coils and brush l', to the conductor l2.

i As the cu rrentpassing through the regulatingf circuit haseaused the stir'rup G2 to connect the cups 'nvand H-*fthere are two circuits for the passage oi' the electricity from the e011-,

ductor `-"to`1he eoilS Vot' the magnet, the onecircuit beingthrough the coil S2 and the other through thecups n* and 4niand cor'xductorsp4 and p3; but as the resistance of the lattercirc11it-,is's1naller than that of thel former one the coil Seis s hort-circuited and the coil S is included in the circuit, as the lever bin making a contact between the cups n3 and fn.4 has-v broken that which had 'existed when the current started between n and 112. The cleetricity therefore passes from the armature b'y means of brush Z', conductors I2 p4, cups n-and n, and conduct-or p, coil S', and conductor L back vto the main circuit. rlhe current in passingbver the coil S"'e:\' c1tes the correi -lfl the current passes over the conductor 111i* to spondiu'g leg of the magnet, causing` the arlnatact-lever C is moved over thc resistant-es cc, thusineluding' a certain number of .thenif in the regulat'i11g-circuit, and atV the salue time thel pointer moves upon 'the dial.V The pas- A ture to rotate, imparting motion to the shaftyi 2y the revolution of this .shaft the con- IOO sage of the current in the measuringieircuit continues overthe alliove-dcscribed course until the rotationof the armatlnje has in eluded such a number of resistances in the regulating-circuit as to cause thc'strength ot' the Current passing' therethrough to become tact is broken between both of the scisiof cups n n2 and n? n4, and the current in the iso weakas to permit the ringl l; to rc1 urnto measuring-circuit is forced to pass through both the coils S and S24 and the armature to cease 'to rotate. The pointer Z nowindicates the number of known rcsistances 'it has been necessary to include in the regulating-cir# cuitv in orderv to keep' the current therein lconstant and uniform atv a strength which is suiicient to keep the ring B in itsl normal position; but as the amount of resistance to be included is in direct.' ratio with the potent-iai difference at t-hc terminals of the regulatingcircuit the dial indicates lthe said difference. It the potential-difference between the ter-ininals `of the regulating-circuit' now becomes .less the ring' B will incline morev to one side,v

carrying with it 'the lever 11, thus connecting the cups n and rligand causinr the coil S to be short circitezdj and the current to pass y through the coil S2,- revolvi ngthe armature in al direction opposite to the directionotrotationlwhich it has on the first flow ofA the current or an. increase thereof, and thus causing' tinA out ot the reguhiting-circuit enough res :incesto cause the eurrentt-herein to again become constant and cause the ring Bio as- 5 sulne its normal position, thusstopping therotation of the armature. .In caseef an. increase of the potential difference the 'action is the reverse of tha-tjust described as being the operation in case of a decrease of the po- 1o tcntial ditte-rence.v e

In ease itis desired to measure the height of water-level the apparatus shown in Fig. l 'maybe used. 'lh'is Lpparatus.consists of a- HoanQ, adapted to riseand fallwith the wa.-

- i5 ter-level and attached toene end of a chain,

l, tothe opposite end of which. is a. counterpoise, l. '.lhe cha-in vpasses over a chainwheel, lt, to which is attached a` contact-lever, C', moving upon a series of rcsistances ar- 'zo ranged concentric to the axis ot' the said wheel. Oneot' the-said resista-mees is connected to the ground-plate B2, while the contact-h.x` Yer C is connected with a. conductor, g2. lAs

' the height of the water-level varies the chainuheel ret-aies, and with it the'contactlever C', whereby the resistance between the groundplate 'B2-and conductor g2 increases o r decreases 'asl 'the'\\'aterle\'el rises or falls. lt' one conductor-ef an electrical circuit is now 3o connectedo theconducted-fand the other conduetorof the said circuitprovided witha grouiid-connection, it is-e\'ident that the. conductor g2, contactdcver' and ground-'plate A ..132will. -forni atporto'ncf .an electiealrncuit. 3 5 VIt is also evident tliat'the potential diierence between the two conductorsxvi'll depend. upon the resistance of the connecting parts 92,0',

'and 152,. and resistanees c C; but as the ref sistanceot' these parts depends upon the wa- 40 ter-level the. measurement of the latter re- 'solves itself into one ot potential difference, which may be effected in the hereinbeforedescribed manner.

' Fig. l0 also vshows a modiicationof the Y' 45 apparatus for effecting this measurement of rieshy the eoiuinctorn the-coils of an electro! -1nagxn:t,l'-`., thepolesot which are opposite 'to the poles of 'ft-he niagniet-EQ-'thesaid coils-being also connected to the oonductorl, and thus 6o to both poles of the generator; A conducting'A o', is;eonnected toitha-t .ecndilctor @and .is also attached to one endocoi'l `lunjsc'sh'oc-inaggiet, While the'opposit e end-Tof the said coil is' joined to one terminal of a coil;

S", wound 4in 'a direction opposite to the coii b2 around the other leg of ythe magnet. The vother end of the coil S is connected iii-the 'lo this 55h-latter pole otthe generator is .attached in se? gREST AVAILABLE COP manner described in relation to coil S in Fig.

l, with the other pole of the Generator through the armature revolving-between the poles oi' -1 the. magnet. lAttached to the saine end of the coil S2. as the conductor o is aiconductor, a2, leading to a contactpiece,` n,'situated belen' the poles of the magnet E2. Attached to the saine end offthecoil'S as the armature is a conductor, o', leading 'to a contactpiece, n, situated below the poles'A of .the magneti-E. Attached to the connect-ing ends of the coils S and #isa tongue, w?, of tlexible'or springy -inagnetic material .suspended -between :the poles of the magnetsE and E2Y and between the contact-points n? and n, and adapted when attracted by either of the said magnets to make an electrical connection with the contactpoint situated thereunder.l Y TWO principal electric circuits are t-hus formed, the one starting from.

the generatorand passing through the groundv plates B lresistances' c c', coil of the magg net E', and resistanoes ce, back tothe gencrater. which corresponds to thecircuit which l 'previously called .thef regulating-cireuit, and the other circuit passing from one 'pole' of the generator through eitheror both of the coils S2 and' S and armature m back to the other pole ot the generator, which corresponds -tothe circuit which I have previously called the measuring-circuit, the coils ofthe magnet E2 being in shunt-circuit.thereto. Suppose, now, that-the Water-level is at aI certain height and that a certain' number of resist- ,1f :mees c e are included m the regulatingcir- Cu it therebya'nd that a certain number of lre- -sistances c c are also included in the saidl cir-l cuitbyaneans of the .lever C, that the pointerZ 1 restsnpon tile correspending'divisionof the dial', whiclrfmay beso marked asie shouf diine-ctly the wateiflexcl .Gr.mayshowftlre potential xlieren-ce caused thereby, and the tongue@ hangsfhetweenthe magnets E and E2 wit-hout touching eitherzofthe contactpieees n.5 or fni. If the-water-ieifel univ-fails, a corresponding' number Lof resistanc-es c c4 are cut out of the regulating-circuitand the current therein is increased, causingthe magnet E to attract the. tongue until it ltouches the contact-piece nf. 'lhe electric current passing through the measuring-circui't'and coil S2 included therein Ahas new two courses open to it to follow-the one over the coil S and the other through the tongue a3 and coiltact-piece, m5, tov the conductor ct and the armature. As the resistance `of the latter is much the less of the two circuits, the current passes over it', thus, short-circniting the coil S and causing'the coil S2 to excite the magnet. 'The current them passes 'through .the arma- .tnre m, causing it'to revolve and the contact- 'IIO @leyerftoinclude suelta Vnumber of resistances the pointer Z registers tliechanges on the sumes its normal strength and permits the 4 i eefieea l BEST AVN v circuit, they may be arranged in series therein,A

tongue to swing into its normal position land out ot' contact-ith the point n; butit the water-'level rises, the number of. resistances c c in Athe regulating-circuit is increased and lthe amount of current passing,therethrough decreased, so thatthe attraction fof thema'gliet l? for the .tongue a? will outbalance that of the magnetE, thus causing the tongue to -s/hort-eircuit the coil S2 by making a'co'ntact with the point ni-and causing the armat-ule:

to revolve in the opposite direction, and thus cut out .enough resista-nces c-c to keep thepo'- tential dilfercnce and the current strength of the'regula'ltin'g-circuit normal. v Vhen this has been done, the tongue will again assume its position between the two niagnets,'causing the measuring-.circuit to pass through both coils S and Si; which neutralize each other, and the armature ceases Ato rotate. f

"Instead of having the coils of the magnet E2 arranged in* shun t-circuit with the measuringand various other 'modifications maybe used without departing frommy invention, which is characterized. by thev Vfeat-ure .that the intensity of the current in the regulating-eincuit is automatically kept constant, so thata measurement of magnitudeis reduced to'fa measurement of resistance, or, in other words, to a measurement of length. 'lherefore, it is evident thatthe'xnagnets shown in Fig..10

' and. in detail in Figs. 4 and 5 may-be substistuted for the magnet E in Figfl without altering the invention. I

I aving noiv described my invention, ivh-at I claim, and desire to Secure by Letters Patent.

o t the United States, isl l. Ina-n electric meter, the combination of two electrica-l circuits, an electromotor, the

field and arma-ture coilsl .thereof forming a part of one of the'said circuits, means actuated by the other or second circuit forcontrolling the said motor, and resistances adapted to be included inor excluded from the second, thereby changing the amount of current passingthroughj the second circuit, whileth'e current in the rst circuit remains unchangcdby the insertion or exclusion ot' the said resistances, as and for the purpose described. E 1

2. In an electric meter, the combination of a measuring and regulating circuit, -an electromotor, the field and armature coils thereof. forming a part of .the measuring f circuit,4 n'reans included in the' regulating-circuit for controlling the movements'of the armature of the motor, and resistances adapted to be vin-A cluded in -or excluded from theregulatingcircuit, varying t-hecurrent thereof,while the current in the measuririg-cireuit remains unaffected Vther-cbv scribed. t, u. In an electric a measuring andufegulatigng circuit, a motor the field andarmatureeoils of which are in cluded'in the ,measurilig-'circuit a Contact arm rotated thcrelrv, resista-nces traversed by v, as, and for the purpose de-fA included in or excluded' from 'the saine cir-v cuitthat actuates the'A meansfor regulating the motor, as-and tol-the purpose described.

meter, the combination of LABLE COP' the said arm, andmeans included in ther-egulatin g-circuit for changing the polarity ci' the magnetic tield of the said motor, whereby the contact-arm is caused to include or exclude the said rsistances from the said regulatingcircuit, varying the current tl1ereof,\vl1ile thecurrent lin the measuring-circuit remains un-- the purpose .de-

Athe saine circuit'as excites the magnet@ by Ameans-of the said motor, as and for pose described.

'5. In electrical measuring' and cntrolling apparatus, the eombinationof t'wo'electrical circuits, an electroinotor' included inone of the said circuits, resistances adapted to be' included in the other circuit thereby, a magnet,

E, excited by the current of the same circuit,"

and'a lever provided `with contact-points and adaptedfto be moved by the said magnet E, whereby the-.motor maybe regulated, as and, for the purpose described.'

apparatus, th'e combination of two electrical circuits, an electromotor, coils 'surrounding I the legs ot the magnet thereof and included iu one of the said'- circuits, resistances adapt-ed .to'b'eincluded in the other, of the-said circuits by the said' motor, and means included in the same circuit with the 'resistances, whereby thev supply of electricity to the said leg-coils mayfbe evenly orV unevenly distributcd,A as and forthe purpose described.

6. In electrical measuring and controlling IOO 7. In electrical measuring and controlling.

' apparatus, the. combination 'otj tivo circuits,

an eleetromotcr, coils surrounding the legs of the magnet thereof and included in one ofthe 4said circuits, resistances adapted to be in eluded in r excluded from -the'other circuit,

a 1i1agnet,rE, included in the same 'circuit with the resista-nces, and alever of insulating vmaterial having conductive sti rrups attached to -the ends .'t-hereof, whereby. the electricitymaybe supplied to citherer both of said leg- 'coils of meting-as and fdr the purpose de-- scribed. l

1 l8. In electrical measuring-and controlling apparatus, the combination ot' two electrical' circuits, an electro-magnet. actuated by one of i thecsaid circuits, means actuated bythe other ,of thesaid circuits 'for re',{.,n1lati'ngv the electricitysupplied tothe said motor, resistances, and a conductive arm adapted 11o' bemoved los bythe said motor,whereby'the rcsistances are In an apparatus for-regulating the flow f ot' electricity, the combination of a magnet,E,

eEsT AvAiL/iere coef vided with eccentric heads, a ring mounted upon an' axis of rotation, and an insulatingarm having conductive stirrups `upon thev ends thereof mounted upon the said axis `of rotation, as and for the purpose described.

10. In an apparatus for rcgulz'iting the flow of electricity, the combination of amagnet, E, having an oblique position, a core therein having an eccentric head upon each cnd thereof, a ring mount-ed upon an axis of ro- 'tation and. provided with au adjustable said 'motor gearing with another shaft, a contact-lever and pointer attached thereto, a dial, and resistances which are included in the other of the said circuits bythe rotation of the motor, as and for'the purpose described'.`

12. In an apparatus for the measurementof` height, the combination oftwo electrical circuits, a `Wheel, R, adapted to be rotated as ,the

' said heightv to be measured varies, a contactlever, C', mounted uponthe said wheel, resistances c c', adapted to vbe included in one of the said circuits, means included in the said circuit adapted-to control an electro-magnet, a contactflcver,'C,"and. resistances adapted to be included in .the said' circuit by the movement of the aiunapointer, and a dial traversed thereby, and an electric motor actuated by the other ofthe sai d circuits and controlled by the said means provided therefor, and adapted to move the said contact-lever, as and for the purposedescribed. n

13. Infapparatus for the measurement of physical magnitude, the combination, with a measuring and a regulating circuit of elec-4 tricity, of a set ofresistances adapted to be included in or excluded from the said regulating-circuit, whereby the amount ot current passing therethrough varies as the magnitude to be measured, a second set of resistances, a motor included in the said meastiring-circuit,

and of urea-ns included in the said regulatingcircuit for controlling the motor, Thereby it is caused-to include or exclude the said second sct of resistaneesin or'from thesaid regulating-circ uit, as and for the purpose described..

14. In an apparatus for the measurement of physical magnitude, the' combination, with a measuring and a regulating circuitof electricity, of a set-of resistances, a slide-contact O moving thereon as the magnitude to be measured'varies,whereby the 'resistances are ing eluded in or excluded from the said regulatel -inglcircuit, therebyA ch( ngin'g thefquant1ty.

ofelectricity passing therethrough, a second set of resistances, amotor included inthe said nieasuring-` circuit, and a i agnet included in' the regulating-circuit or` controlling the motor, whereby itis caused to include or exclude from the said regulating-circuit a A sufficient number'ofv the second set of resistanc-es to keep the current passing dierethrough constant, as and for the purpose described.

Y 'Witnesses B.Ro1, KARL BEILKY.

vTILHIELM SIEMENS. 

